Protective device.



PATENTED' MAY 19,1908.

K. 'KUHLMANN.

PROTECTIVE DEVICE.

Fig. 5.

Witnesses.

Inventor: KarL Kuhlmanh,

No. 888.241. PATBNTED MAY 19, 1908. K. KUHLMANN.

PROTECTIVE DEVICE.

APPLICATION PILED'NOV. 20, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Fig.9. Fig. 10.

Fig. l i.

Wfmesses': Inventor 1 i a Karl Wihlmann,

PATENTED MAY 19, 1908.

K. KUHLMANN.

PROTECTIVE DEVICE.

APPLIGATION FILED 110120, 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Inventor: Karl 'Kuhlmann,

- potential is greater,

KARL KUHLMANN, OF BERLIN,

seseei,

'PANKOW, cssieisv, COMPANY, A CORPORATION ASSEGNOR T0 ELEO Applicationfled; 'lcvembei' 24),

To 'wkom it may com-em:

it known that I, KARL Koemmim,

subject of the Emperor of Germany, residizig st Berlin, Penlzovv,Germany, lieve invented.

tective Devices, of Welsh followisg is sjoecifioation.

The present invention protection of electric distribution systems fi om"injurious excess-potentials. Up to the present time this has usuallybeen close by grounding the eoiidiietor to be protected, e. sperkiiigsection being interposed. such conditions the extent of theexcess-potentiel is determined by the length of the spark-path. Sincethe breaking potential of espsr-king section however does not dependalone upoii the has for its object the distance of its electrodes, butalso is affected by the temperature, the amount of moisture contained inthe air, the radiation-end, in great measure, on the clean cessof theelectrode smfece, this arrangement was only possible Witl i-in Widelimits. The are pessing When'current passes lied to be extinguished bydevices of it special netiiie. According to this invention, theelectrodes of? the sparking section eremoveble toward esel other underthe influence of %l8(3l;-I'O-" ststic forces, when excess-potentialoccurs, by such on amount that an equalization oi potential takes place,whereupon they re tel-"n to their original position, device i-y be madehighly operative Wilt/z; wronged. o tllet least one of the BlEGtlOilQSis sub" ted to electrostatic repulsion by means of cited 013 iii ovsbleplate or the like, ftil'iilgfid ljecent to the electrode andconductively collected thereto. force acts upon the movable electrode inooiiformity thereto, its respective positions when. Without potential,at normal expotentiel ere farther apart than formerly, end the distanceof the electrodes for normal This is extremely imoortcnt. Isa the firstplace, with a greater electrode distance the unavoidable iii-seem molesof manufacture have proportionately less influence and the adj u'stpientis m ore exact. In the second place, Elie are which is formed is brokenmore rapidly and surely, when the electrodes move farther apart efterequelization is efiected. In the third place,

certain new and useful Improvements in Pic In this case s strong Under Hs 1 oetweeo. toe e I l x ies (insects) M3 d s, Fourth, the 3; oi themovebie el' ell-scion by tee end fi'eely moss 011C}; ii-om similarlycons or piste, the device lacing in the of no poteiitiel; Fig. 2 showsthe e at normal potential, 3 shows the some {and 1" the conditionoi'exoess poteil L its upset e e tiel, and e moment of change ofpeterstiel; 5 show similar devices with one of in these m the otherfigures'of tile drewioe l siioivs the movable electrode s s,

ates ei'reiigeii to be immovelile,

the heavy marginal lines indicate imm'ovebe edges ,1 6,7'e1iol 8illustrate modifies tions comprisiligtwomovable pletes Wliic; approach.each other when the potential comes excessive; Q end 10 show modirficetions in Welsh the spoil gap isfoimed by as slim rigidly" connected,to the movable plots, Fi 11 illustrates two of the devices arranged forthe protection of two conduc tors of. an electrical system;- Fig. 12shows special means for mpt sing the arc and Fly 13 shows mes orcreating upward- -g electrodes.

.1l16 conductor 1 to be protected round including the spark gap eenplates 2 and 3, and also ini'esistence 4. The plate or elecis formed ofav thin strip of motel movable about tlie upper edge and siispendedopposite o second similarly con tituted. strip 5. This pair of stripsbelieves inch like the strips of the w ll known gold leaf electroscopeii hen line 1 is in the (301%- (litioe of no-potentisl, the two plateslie close together es in 1, out when the plates become charged theyii'ctuslly repel and assume the position Sl'lOWl'l in Fig. I in case ofexcess potentiel on the line the pletes spread still farther as shown inFig. 3 end the abnormal clierg'e umlps the 's-p to plate 8 end escapesto groom through X'QBlSfifiZiGEl;

Xcess-potentiels is provided with saw/:41 3

5. A proteetive device comprising electrodes which'eppzroaeh each ether"'00 form a low impedance path in case of an excessive eefientieithere-aeweeli, and ccnduc'tors dispesed above eleetredes as assist inrupturing the ares formed between said; elect1=edee.

In witness whereof, I have hereunte set my hand this 2nd day ofNovember, 1906.

KARL KUHLMANN.

Witmesses JULws R JMLAND, @SKAR SINGER.

